Socrates Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socrates Discourse - Essay Example In that setting Socrates arranges his oppressors to be as much revered in the maneuvers of the past as in the present. Socrates unwinds the ploys of his spoilers to quality his notoriety and name to some exclusive capacity to perform puzzling and unnatural accomplishments. According to Socrates, his popularity could be esteemed to be the immediate result of an intelligence that is common and human and in this manner not past the desires of any human. According to the expressions of Socrates, his current situation began from his fair and striking dauntlessness to scrutinize the legitimacy and honesty of the elites of his occasions, be it the government officials, diviners, artists, craftsmans or instructors. The preliminary of Socrates started not from some close to home sin or wrongdoing, yet rather from the challenging of the blamed to enjoy a free play of thoughts, consequently making the people see through their proponents’ purported shrewdness and reasonableness. According to the Apology, the main wrongdoing Socrates appears to have submitted is to stir things up of the elites of his occasions. In

Investigating the acceleration Essay Example for Free

Examining the increasing speed Essay The point of this trial is to examine the movement of a streetcar on a plane and contrast the outcomes and a numerical model. Models Assumptions  No Friction When making the numerical model I will expect that there is no erosion following up on the streetcar. This is because of the way that the streetcar will be running upon a smooth plane, which offers no opposition. The streetcar is likewise developed upon wheels, which limits the effects of grating among haggle assuming any. Moreover the track utilized for the streetcar is explicitly intended for the streetcar, subsequently decreasing erosion considerably more. Smooth Pulley The pulley over which the loads getting the streetcar will be going through, will be smooth. This is for the reasons that the most expensive and smoothest pulley accessible to me will be utilized. Subsequently this ought not additionally give any obstruction, which may block the progression of movement.  Inextensible String The string, which will be appended to the streetcar to quicken it, will be inextensible, I. e. the string utilized won't be versatile. Level Surface The plane over which the streetcar will be run must be level, I. e.it must not be inclined up or down or to a side, or, in all likelihood gravity will likewise be having a significant influence in the quickening or deceleration of the streetcar. To guarantee the track is level I put a ping-pong ball on the track. On the off chance that the ball moved up, down or to a side then I would realize that the track isn't level and would change it as per the movement of the ping-pong ball. String not at a point The string running off the streetcar ought to be corresponding to the track. This is because of the way that a non-equal string would pull the streetcar down just as advances. Pulling Forwards = ? Cos ? Pulling Down = ? Cos ? No Swaying In the numerical model I will expect that the falling mass doesn't influence. This uses a similar idea as the rope not being corresponding to the streetcar. On the off chance that the mass influences, the falling mass isn't utilizing its maximum capacity. Pulling Down = m Pulling Sideways = m Cos ? Immaterial Air-Resistance This is because of the one of a kind development of the streetcar; low casing, reduced structure and no all-inclusive parts or articles disturbing the air elements. Direct To impersonate the genuine circumstance of the movement of a streetcar on a plane I am going to utilize a streetcar of mass extending from 498g to 1498g, which will be run upon a lot of smooth tracks. To quicken the streetcar a light inextensible string will be joined to the streetcar, which will at that point be run over a smooth pulley. At this finish of the string masses going from 20g 80g will be appended which will quicken the streetcar. The mass of the streetcar will likewise be changed. The length of the track will consistently be kept at 1 meter and the time taken for the streetcar to venture to every part of the meter will be recorded. While leading the test I understood that clip holding the pulley secured 1cm of the track. In this manner when completing the analysis I discharged the streetcar from 1.1m along the track, giving the streetcar its 1m course to run. Precision To guarantee exact and dependable outcomes a lot of fixed principles must be followed. The length of the track will consistently be kept to 1 meter. Additionally three separate readings will be recorded when estimating the time taken for the streetcar to venture to every part of the fixed meter. Moreover I will guarantee that the track is level, I. e. it isn't inclined up, down or to a side, else gravity will likewise be following up on the vehicle. Numerical Model To make the scientific model I am going to utilize Newtons second law, which expresses, The adjustment moving is relative to the power. For objects with consistent mass, just like the case with this trial, this can be deciphered, as the power is relative to the increasing speed. Resultant power = mass  acceleration This is composed: F = mama The resultant power and the increasing speed are consistently a similar way. On the off chance that I utilize the condition of Newtons second law F = mama and transpose it into the structure y = mx + c where the slope of the diagram is gravity. F = mama mg T = mama T = Ma (Substitute into mg T = mama) mg Ma = mama mg = mama + Ma mg = a (m+M) a = g (m/m+M) a = g (m/m+M) + 0 y = m x + c This diagram should go through the focuses (0,0). To work out quickening for the numerical model utilizing the above equation. Mass of streetcar (M) = 498g Mass of weight (m) = 20g Distance = 1m a = g (m/m+M) + 0 a = 9. 81 (20/20+498) a = 0. 38 ms-2 All the increasing speeds have been worked utilizing the above strategy and have been introduced in the table of results underneath. Mass of Trolley (g) Mass of weight (g) Distance (m) Acceleration (ms-2) 4 Experimental Results To work out the increasing speed for the real analysis I am going to utilize the conditions of movement, Investigation As can be seen from the diagrams the numerical model, models the real analysis genuinely well until the m (mass of weight) is expanded with the end goal that the streetcar is making a trip too quick to even think about ensuring exact planning. Subsequently on every one of the three diagrams the line of best fit beginnings from the source and afterward continuously veers away from the scientific model. On the diagram of results for M = 498g, it is perceptible that the genuine investigation models the math model sensibly well, until m is 60g. From that point, for m = 70g 80g, the streetcar is making a trip too quick to even think about ensuring exact planning consequently the huge mistake bars. In this way I have not thought about those two outcomes when adhering to a meaningful boundary of best fit through the focuses. Moreover when working out the quickening for the exploratory outcomes I needed to square the planning, (I. e. t2) thus multiplying the mistake in timing. The other two charts of M = 998g 1498g, there are no bizarre outcomes. I think the explanation behind this is, as a result of the expanded load of the streetcar; the streetcar will plainly be voyaging more slow, subsequently giving increasingly exact and solid planning. The slope of the line in all the charts ought to be in principle 9. 81, yet this plainly isn't the situation. Therefore I am going to work out the slope of the lines and contrast it and the math show and see how well the two contrast and one another. As can be seen from the above outcomes the math model did genuinely well to show the genuine circumstance of two associated particles. The model I planned doesn't coordinate the outcomes I acquired in the test. This is on the grounds that it is possible that I disregarded some factor amounts or the underlying suppositions were imperfect. Then again it might have been the method, which was to blame. Regardless all these must be researched into further. Every supposition should be investigated freely to find whether it is reasonable concerning the examination, in that, a few suspicions were superfluous and others were not made. I believe that if the examination had been led in a vacuum and I utilized air-tracks the test would have been much increasingly fruitful.

Ikea business model free essay sample

Explore IKEAs plan of action and wellsprings of upper hand as delineated for the situation. For what reason do you think it has been so sucsessfull in the fragmentated fuurniture industry? What do you concider to be IKEAs fundamental shortcomings? To respond to address one I will part the inquiry into three sections. Begining by exploring IKEAs plan of action and wellsprings of upper hand. At that point goin on to adress why it has been so sucsessfull in the divided furniture industry. An at last clarifying IKEAs fundamental shortcomings. IKEAs plan of action and wellsprings of upper hand Plan of action Being one of the biggest furniture organizations on the planet IKEA must do things right. By analising the contextual analysis we can see IKEAs techniques inside its plan of action which have made such a sucsessfull business. Ikea has an exceptionally special plan of action. It begins with how they structure there furniture items in the factorys to guarantee cash is spared at the most punctual stage with the sparing being given to the customer. For instance the furniture will be delivered in view of the development and size so its efective for transportation pacaging and creation . IKEA comprehend that most of its clients will be cost consious however are as yet anticipating a fair norm and in vogue looks. They know the difficulties its clients face while shoping for furniture and egnolage clients tent to like a showroom to have the option to see the thing errect befor buying. They additionally like negligible conveyance costs, this is the reason IKEA use flatpack pacaging for all its enormous things which are prepared coming up for the client to bring home. IKEA uses a sharp shgowroom structure which practically fources the client to see all IKEAs various divisions. This exhibits everything on offer while the client strolls round thus they can see and conceivably get different things they had not origanally visited the shop for. Ikea keep an enormous volume of the equivalent articals so as to minimize expenses. Ikea likewise put a great deal of energy into creating materials. They attempt to keep the cost low and earth neighborly again passing the investment funds on the client. In china they took adavantage of the bottomless materials in the nation and opened up their own plants handling the wood to cut bringing in costs. IKEA have extended from their home in sweden to more than 37 different nations primarily in North america Asia Australier and Europe. No other contender has achived development along these lines. IKEAs novel method of deals, creation and circulation have implied its been globaly invited. IKEA has been made to adjust to meet the clients need s when entering various nations it generally rolls out the improvements to meet with neighborhood rehearses. Upper hand One of IKEAs principle crucial is to offer low costs to their clients. By reducing expenses yet holding a well manufactored completed item they keep costs low and the client is glad and returnes. To minimize expenses they have decided to utilize level pack furniture alowing the client to take the furniture things home without requiring costly conveyance. IKEA offers great servies to it costermers to hold upper hand. By keeping up a decent client assistance notoriety they realize that clients feel good shoping there. From my own experience they are awesome with returnes and helping clients picked the correct things for their accurate needs. This leads on IKEA having great brand picture which is a key upper hand. On the off chance that a client has been utilizing IKEA in their nation of origin and moves to another country there is a high possibility they will have the option to keep shoping with IKEA and will feel quiet outfitting there new home . IKEA is known for high caliber with uncommon structure which binded with its great costs implies custermers remain glad. Kepping in the know regarding styles and changing styles when entering various markets far and wide empowers IKEA to hold upper hand anyware on the planet. A case of this is bigger beds when entering the USA. Inside the IKEA shops there is an enormous variety of various items from restrooms to kitchens and all that you have to filll practically every room. As a client it is a one stop look for furniture and homeware. While shoping at IKEA clients realize they are purchasing uptodate items with new inavotive styles. An enormous client base with varieties of items to suit distinctive value ranges permits IKEA to apeal to wide varietly of clients. Why has IKEA been so sucsessfull in the divided furniture industry? I accept a mix of IKEAS interesting plan of action which alows it to have broken in to a substansial measure of diverce markets alowes the business to develop and adjust without any problem. IKEAs principle shortcomings The flatpack furniture has been recorded as an upper hand however it is additionally a shortcoming. Certain shopper gatherings may discover building their bought furniture to much hastle and want to purchase an instant piece. Altho IKEA is in more than 37 nations it just has 301 stores which is a relitivly limited quantity. This can mean clients are to far away to venture out to IKEA particularly in spots, for example, China where not as manny individuals own vehicles. The store design has some critisism particularly in the USA where the clients didnt need to need to stroll around the labyrinth like showroom and mentioned shorcuts to the checkout. The sweedish configuration doesn't apeal to different markets. Contrasts, for example, size and style should have been changed which cost cash. In the USA they thought the blossom jars were drinking cups. The publicizing they use could be better there is almost no TV adverts or online adverts which could be used. Altho the furniture is smart it isn't worked to endure forever which can put a few clients off. Qusetion 2 With utilization of relevent globalization and internetionalisation models dissect and evaluatwe IKEAs internationalization stetegy. What do you concider to be the key oppertunities and dangers confronting IKEA toward the finish of the contextual analysis? Inside my response to this inquiry I am going to break the fundamental inquiry into three sections. Initially posting the relevent worldwide and internationalization models. Besides Analising IKEAs internationalization srtategy. Thirdly analising the oppertunities and dangers confronting IKEA. Relevent worldwide and internationalization models Heckscherâ€Ohlin model Uses the nations most rich materials to create items. For instance Bamboo in china to make furniture. The most bounteous material is the fundamental material utilized when making the item. They at that point send out the completed item therefor setting aside cash and supporting the nearby economy. Ikea fit into this model as they use the ubundant material they anyway dont send out from china they sell inside the nation. In different areas they have had ton redistribute the manufactoring. In europe they utilize modest manufactoring plants in eastern europe. This would be on the grounds that altho Sweeden had trees and woodlands its work charges and general manufactoring costs are higher compelling IKEA to re-appropriate to set aside cash. Linder speculation (Staffan Burenstam Linder, 1961) Linder accepted the more comparative are the interest structures of nations the more they will exchange with each other. Further, worldwide exchange will at present happen between two nations having indistinguishable inclinations and factor blessings. Be that as it may, the items will be marginally particular to make upper hand between the two countries. For instance IKEA originating from Sweden having a lot of indistinguishable inclinations from the remainder of Europe or USA requiring bigger beds/purchasing blossom jar to drink from. IKEAs internationalization procedure IKEA have utilized a natural development way to deal with worldwide development. They have not utilized mergers with littler business or purchased out different organizations. They have become because of an expansion in client base. They how anyway volunteered to move to various overall areas where they would not have had a current customerbase and effectivly began without any preparation. Individuals in china would not have run over an IKEA store except if they had ventured out to an alternate mainland. So publicizing and advancement would have been without any preparation. They have utilized parts of both these models to internationalize there brand. IKEA aslo has a diversifying division which helps its globalization. As the franchisor IKEA has the accompanying principle undertakings: To extend IKEAs buiness through diversifying while at the same time holding the IKEA idea being its, estimating, inderdiduality in its store plan and its style. To break into any worldwide market ikea have experienced broad statistical surveying for instance when entering Switzerland they did broad research yet it shows up they didnt accomplish such a great deal in America. To analise how the furniture monster broke into various worldwide markets I have utilized primary instances of America and China. These two totally different areas gave IKEA various difficulties to survive. USA The organization at first attempted to duplicate its current plan of action and items in the US however before long discovered It needed to tweak its items dependent on nearby needs. American clients, for example, requested greater beds and greater storage rooms. IKEA needed to make various changes to its advertising procedure in the US. The most radical change was conceivably to need to change the store design to accomidate to the Americans who mentioned easy routes to the checkout. China Befor astblishing themselves in China IKEA comprehended Chinese lofts were little Customers required practical, particular arrangements. The organization made slight alterations to its furniture to address nearby issues. The store formats mirrored the run of the mill sizes of condos and furthermore incorporated an overhang settling the issue of high import burdens in China. Oppertunities and dangers confronting IKEA Oppertunities IKEA has various oppertunities right off the bat following the sucsess of their worldwide extension further venture into creating economies, for example, India. IKEA could likewise exp

Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interminable Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Essay Example This theme is significant for examination, in light of the fact that there are emotional contrasts among watchers with respect to the sort of sex contrasts, the degrees of sex disparity, and the measure of viciousness that is important to keep up the two frameworks of distinction and mastery. The paper comprises of initial part with proposal explanation, two body passages and end. Postulation A treatment of self-perceptions and sex relations discloses the social elements of present day culture dependent on sexual relations and a job of ladies as â€Å"sex objects†. The film under examination has a one of a kind complex structure that assists with dazzling watchers and make a customized story message. The film utilizes invert sequence structure that portrays connections among Joel and Clementine in turn around request, from the most agonizing minutes to more joyful occasions. This structure centers around the sexual recollections and feelings of the saints and comprehend the quintessence of their relations. Irregular sequence influences watchers significantly making them dynamic members of the scenes and narrating. Clementine is delineated as a sex-object for Joel. This understanding of society reflects low social standards dependent on aching and explicitly arranged conduct of men. Through a mind boggling collaboration of ID forms, sexual orientation frameworks, and social establishments, sex contrasts of the two characters are delivered - normally as a division that restricts manliness to womanliness as well as makes an interpretation of these oppositional contrasts into sex chain of command, the privileging of qualities and exercises characterized as manly over those characterized as female.

Fall Transfer Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Fall Transfer Updates - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Fall Transfer Updates Here is a quick update for Fall transfer applicants, as the deadline is approaching. At this time, we are moving along at a steady clip in reviewing files, and over 600 decisions have already gone out (as compared to last year on April 1 when about 200 fall decisions had been made). Because of the freshman decisions coming out on 3/30, we had to stop the importing of all applications into our system starting last weekend. Any applications that have been submitted are fine, and are just in a holding pattern waiting for us to import them into our system, which we will do on Monday, 4/2/2012. So do not panic if you applied this week and your application is not showing up on the myStatus page this weekend. Just be patient, and by about mid-late next week, we will have all the applications imported into the system and transcripts matched up. But again, do not panic, just give us time to work on them next week. The 4/1 application deadline is for all materials as well, but it is a postmarked deadline, and we generally give an allowance of about 10 business days for documents to come in. So you do not need to email, call, or drive to Athens to hand us documents. Just make sure that transcripts from ALL colleges ever attended have been sent in to UGA (and if it has a different name on a transcript, send us a note about this). Please understand that next week will be a madhouse of emails and phone calls surrounding the freshman decisions, so I suggest holding off your questions until later next week. Go Dawgs!

The Buffalo Creek Tragedy - Free Essay Example

Topic: Buffalo Creek Paper In February of 1972, there was a collapse of a coal waste impoundment dam that was situated along the Buffalo Creek in Logan County of West Virginia. The flood that resulted killed one hundred and twenty-five people and caused damage of over fifty million dollars. The disaster to date continues to be one of the most deadly while at the same time preventable mining catastrophe. Following the Buffalo Creek dam collapse, three investigative commissions were established. The investigations revealed that Pittston Coal Company, who was the owners of the Buffalo Creek improperly, constructed the dam that collapsed i.e. dam No. 3. They wilfully disregarded the safety concerns of the dam and two others. It was also revealed that the West Virginia regulations, inspection policies, as well as, penalties for those who violated the mining safety codes contributed to the catastrophe. While the management, Pittston Coal, avoided criminal charges against the m, three lawsuits filed by the survivors were successful. (Nugent 35) Evidently, what happened at Buffalo Creek was not the right act of a capricious God. It was the human hand that killed the people. Notably, the more things changed in Buffalo Creek, the more they also stayed the same. Investigators have concluded that the third dam on the Middle Fork was established of an old age practice of disposing of waste materials. It was also constructed without using the due technology and without the consultation of professionals qualified in designing and building such a massive structure. They failed to find a conclusive answer that the incident was an act of God. Fifth, a reaction from the commission of enquiry showed that the officials of the Pittston Company disregarded the safety of Buffalo Creek residents and the people who lived around the coal refuse impoundments. The Buffalo Creek tragedy led to the development of more stringent mine safety regulations. From the book, West Virginia legislatures and the Congress passed new rules that regulated the construction and maintenance of the dam. It notes that the entire blame was put on the Pittston Company. They had the knowledge of what could transpire in the case that a flood occurred. All its managers at whatever level had completely ignored the recommendations that had been passed to them. They were simply not doing their job. They had ignored the recommendations that were submitted to them by those who had vast knowledge in the field. There were no engineering constructions that were made when the third dam was under construction. That was a blatant disregard of the law From a personal assessment, the outcome of the case was a bittersweet victory. The cash received by the victims of the tragedy was more than what they had witnessed in their lives. 13.5 million dollars was much less than the 32.5 million dollars they had originally proposed settling their claim, but it was, however, larger than the th ree million dollars Pittston had proposed. Huge compensation would serve Pittston justice since it had a financial implication on its operation. As a result of the case, immense lessons were learnt from the happenings at Buffalo Creek. Coal mines today are no longer part used because of the attention that was brought by the mining practice at Buffalo Creek. The outcome of the case is thus laudable. It has made the corporate culture of most mining companies to change drastically. They now take into consideration their stake-holders safety with high regards because they would be held accountable for the damages they cause. The outcome of the case also showed the importance of working in large law firms. It is explained by the fact that, without them, the efforts would be futile. Though the case was opened to media attention and scrutiny, its significance was felt. It promoted its publicity owing to the limitation that was put on the case that came afterwards. (Nugent 31) In the boo k, ethical perspectives can be seen. Starting as of is the manner in which the management of Pittston was quick to dismiss the tragedy as an act of God. It was completely unethical of the company since the accident was responsible for the mass deaths that were experienced in the area. The practise sparked off rage and fury amongst the Buffalo community. The step by the company was in a bid to absolve the company from payment of the huge amounts of funds to the victims and also the legal responsibilities that would come with it. Even when the company was opened to the community of Buffalo Creek, it still did not accept responsibility for the flood. It showed clearly that the case had not reached an advanced stage that warranted payment to the victims. The above scenario raises an ethical question of Pittston. Be here a code of ethics that the company followed so as to guide its everyday operations? (Nugent 45) Gerald Stern, the attorney, also puts forward issues of ethics as he ha ndles the case. It had been the most persuasive case that he had worked on. Since it was his most rewarding case, his passion as he deals with the case can be widely seen. He dutifully represents the people who were pleased enough to have survived without having anything left. Thanks to his high ethical values, he goes against the Buffalo Mining Company so as to support the victims of the flood. It brings him out as a prosecutor who wants justice for all members of the society. Stern’s desire for justice makes him to be personally involved in the cases he undertakes even though he knows that lawyers should not do that. The personal interest he had in the case drove him harder on the defensive. He had the view that someone must be held responsible for the tragedy that occurred. It serves only to give a background of the code of ethics that he followed in his professionalism. However, one would argue that he exorbitantly charged his clients the lawful fees. He remained with a h uge chunk of the amount that was given to the victims. (Gleser, Green and Winget 65) Another ethical perspective can be viewed in terms of Buffalo Mining Company negligence on its environment and the infrastructure laws that it never complied with. Coal mine safety and security bill were enacted into law in 1969. The law outlawed the construction of coal refuse dams. The mining company, however, went against the law to construct the Buffalo Creek dam. In compliance with the law, the mining company have to stopped the dumping of coal refuse into the dam. Commissions that were formed also stated that the dam had not been built to the required engineering standards. All the above brings the question of ethics in the Buffalo Mining Company. It was tantamount to follow strictly the regulations that had been pre-set for the construction of the dam. (Stern 12). Through the incident, I would say that the law came to life as it was rightfully served to the members of the Buffalo Creek community. It provides an insight into crime and correctional perspective. The case presented a good consideration suitable for the victims of the floods. It has got me a reason for settlements as an option over jail terms. However, settling the matter out of the court system would have become a better option than the litigation process the case went through. It is because the citizen’s commission was at a disadvantage since it had lost key witnesses to the suit. In spite of this, the story reaffirmed my belief in the legal system. The remedy to the victims of the floods serves as a good starting point for legal representation. The verdict that the federal court system gave was appropriate since there had been perceived corruption in the state judicial system. It has eliminated the initial fear that I had of the courts being controlled by the privileged in the society such as the governor. In such a case, the courts would be supervised by the Governor, who would have an influ ence on the judges’ appointees. In the case, incidences of bribery, corruption and obstruction of justice were not experienced. My view of the judicial system has, therefore, been positively revamped as justice was dutifully meted out. (Stern 32). One would quickly note the good job that was done by attorney for Stern. I would advise him that Pittston also needed to take place accountable for their actions. The compensation that was paid to the victims was not enough. An entire community of Buffalo Creek lay in ruin due to the neglect of Pittston. It would have done it fine if Stern had advocated for the withdrawal of their licence. It would caution other companies in the mining sector. As an addition of salt into injury, no indictments were produced against Pittston. A jury that looked into the charges that were levelled against the company failed to remit any definite charge against the company. Stern, the attorney, would have followed and ensured that every party to the case was given justice. All in all, Stern did a commendable job in establishing that the defendant was reckless in his actions. Anybody who would find himself in a similar situation would be advisable to follow suit in attorney stern’s footsteps. His strong desire for justice for the affected victims is something extra lawyers can employ in their daily duties in the judicial system. (Gleser, Green and Winget 21) In conclusion, it was said that an avoidable tragedy took the lives of several people and also destroyed property. The society wipes away could have influenced the town of Buffalo Creek for prosperity. If only the mining company had learnt a lesson from preceding incidences such as the Aberfan that happened in 1972, the day would have proceeded just like any other bright and joyful Saturday. The case is expected to be taken with utmost concern. Similar mining companies should learn from the occurrences and take precautions as regards the accident. Strict legislati ons should also be set up to control the mining. Lobbying by state corporations should also be illegalise. The measures above would ensure that a similar accident at the Buffalo Creek does not occur. Works cited Glaser, Goldine C, Bonnie L Green, and Carolyn N Winget. Prolonged Psychosocial Effects Of Disaster. New York: Academic Press, 1981. Print. Urgent, Tom. Death at Buffalo Creek. New York: Norton, 1973. Print. Stern, Gerald M. The Buffalo Creek Disaster. New York: Vintage Books, 1977. Print.

Clarks Summit University Costs, SAT Scores, More

Clarks Summit University admitted 43%  of students who applied in 2015, and students with good grades and decent test scores are likely to be  admitted. Students are required to submit test scores along with their online application. Both the SAT and ACT are accepted. The admission process is holistic and includes short answer questions, an essay, and an interview with an admissions counselor. Admissions Data (2016): Clarks Summit University Acceptance Rate: 43%  Test Scores -- 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Clarks Summit University Description: Clarks Summit University   is a private, Christian college located in Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania, a town in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre region of the state. New York City and Philadelphia are each about two hours away. Until recently, the school was known as the Baptist Bible College and Seminary of Pennsylvania. The colleges 131-acre campus includes a 4-acre lake, and outdoor lovers will find many opportunities for kayaking, canoeing, skiing, and hiking near campus. The college is residential, and over 90% of undergraduates live in campus residence halls. The college defines itself as faith-centered, and all academic programs have a foundation in Biblical studies. Daily chapel, worship, and service opportunities are all part of the Summit experience. The university takes pride in its average class size of 18 and the personal attention students receive from the faculty. Campus life is active with a range of student clubs, intramural sports, and leadership opportunities in student go vernment and residence life. On the intercollegiate front, the Clarks Summit University Defenders compete in the NCAA Division III  Colonial States Athletic Conference (CSAC). The school fields six mens and six womens sports including basketball, soccer, cross-country, and tennis. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 738  (509 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 53% Male / 47% Female71% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $22,510Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $5,970Other Expenses: $1,700Total Cost: $31,180 Clarks Summit University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 88%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 85%Loans: 63%Average Amount of AidGrants: $12,621Loans: $7,183 Most Popular Majors: Biblical Studies, Business Administration, Ministerial Studies Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 68%Transfer-out Rate: 5%4-Year Graduation Rate: 52%6-Year Graduation Rate: 54% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Baseball, Basketball, Track and Field, Tennis, Cross Country, GolfWomens Sports:  Softball, Soccer, Basketball, Volleyball, Cross Country, Track and Field, Tennis Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Clarks Summit University, You May Also Like These Schools: Messiah CollegeCornerstone UniversityLiberty UniversityTrinity Christian CollegeCedarville UniversityCairn UniversityBryan CollegeEastern UniversityGrove City CollegeGeneva College

Malcolm X And The Black Panthers - 1352 Words

Malcolm X and the Black Panthers both the profoundly affected the goals of the civil right movement. Malcolm X was born on May 19th, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska. Earl Little, (Malcolm’s father) was an outspoken Baptist minister and an avid supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcom graduated at the top of his class however when a teacher told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"no realistic goal for a nigger† (Genius, 2016), these words greatly impacted him and caused him to leave school. Malcom’s journey that caused him to affect the civil right movement were motivated by his unprivileged past, as he had been involved in various crimes and directed by misleading guidance, none the less moulding him into an influential figure. Similarly, in October 1966, in Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. The party was on the first organizations un U.S history to militantly struggle for ethnic minority and work class emancipation. Both of Malcolm X and the Black Panthers had goals to change the way African-Americans were treated throughout America. Malcolm X was a black political speaker, activist and Muslim minister. He had a dark past, which affected and helped him in changing the way many AfricanShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King , Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers All These Names Sound Familiar Because They Were Very Powerful People And Will Never Be Forgotten. In The History Of The United States There Have Been Many Social Changes That Have Happened. The Civil Rights Movement Of The 1960 s Was A Standout Amongst The Most Critical And Imperative For The Balance Surprisingly. After The Nullification of Servitude In 1863, There Had Been A Ceaseless Clash Between The Races Of Individuals WhoRead MoreFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words   |  3 Pagesyou, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his life for the most worthy cause of the 20th Century because he fought for equal rights African Americans, he was a big part of the Civil Rights Movement, and he was Black Panther leader. MalcolmRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesCivil rights movement had many influential leaders and events. The overall importance of the movement was the profound impact it had on American life. The Civil Rights Movement had many important leaders, like Martin Luther King Jr., The Black Panthers, and Malcolm X, whose actions largely influenced the movement. Of the leaders involved in the Civil Rights Movement, one man stands alone; Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King is known best for his contributions to the civil rights movement,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Police Brutality By Jill Nelson1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Panther Party preaches to the minority communities that, â€Å"Black power is giving power to people who have not had power to determine their own destiny† which is movement that formed for self defense against the U.S government. The Black Power Movement established itself in the 1950’s branching off of the nonviolent groups established during the Civil Rights Movement. Two major Black Power groups in history were Malcolm X and Black Panther Party that focused on justice for the black communitiesRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr And The Civil Rights Movement1134 Words   |  5 Pages Panther Power When we think of the Civil Rights Movement, we often think of the most prominent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X who’ve surely paved the way for the beginning of the movement. However many times we overlook the ones who aren’t talked about in the classrooms during Black History Month, or when we’re discussing the Civil Rights Movement. In response, I dedicate my paper on an African-American Organization to those who promoted the freedom and rights of BlackRead More Some Lead, Some Follow, Others Change the World1114 Words   |  5 Pagesover a black one. Also, an African American facility was certainly not comparable to the superior quality of White’s. Soon, organizations began to form in attempts to stop this unjust treatment. One man in particular stands out the most throughout this movement of change: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s form of protesting was the more effective than activist Malcolm X and was the reason for the majority of success during the Civil Rights movement. This is because Malcolm X’s causeRead MoreThe Black Panthers By Huey Newton And Bobby Seale1007 Words   |  5 PagesRodney Stevenson English III Mrs. Briscoe 11 April 2017 Title The Black Panthers is a group or a party of Aafrican Aamericans that was formed to protect blacks from the white law enforcements. The group was established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The two leading revolutionary men created the national organization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton Born ( February 17 1942- August 22, 1989), Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest ofRead MoreBlack Panthers. The Black Panther Is A Group Or A Party1007 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Panthers The Black Panther is a group or a party of African Americans that was formed to protect blacks from the white law enforcement. Established in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The two leading revolutionary men created the national organization as a way to collectively combat white oppression. Dr Huey Percy Newton (February 17 1942-August 22, 1989) was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropper and BaptistRead MoreThe Black Power Movement And The Civil Rights Movement1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Power movement began towards to the of the Civil Rights Era. The Black Power Movement began in the 1950s and 1960s, many African Americans grew tired of the ineffective, peaceful protests so they turned to violence. Although it was not a formal movement and it contributed to a big turning point in history. The goal of the Black Power movement was to gain equal rights with whites. Even though it was violent ma ny people thought it was necessary to the equal rights African Americans deservedRead MoreImpact Of Nonviolence On The Civil Rights Movement912 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as the Black Panthers, an organization that’s purpose was to patrol African Americans and protect their people from police brutality, preached violence (â€Å"The Black Panthers Party for Self-Defense†). The practices of the late Malcolm X, a black muslim who was a leader of his movement believed that if blacks didn’t receive their right to equality, they should just take it, even if it meant with violence. â€Å"The Panthers took the revolutionary philosophy and militant stand of Malcolm X, they were

Characteristics Of Business Research Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1901 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? What is research. Research is a part of any systematic knowledge. It has occupied the realm of human understanding in some form or the other from times immemorial. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Characteristics Of Business Research Business Essay" essay for you Create order The thirst for new areas of knowledge and the human urge for solutions to the problems has developed a faculty for search and research and re-research in him/her. Research has now become an integral part of all the areas of human activity. Business Research. Business Research is process of systematic and indepth study or search for solution to a problem or an answer to qs. backed by collection, compilation, presentation, analysis and interpretation of relevant details, data and information. Its also systematic endeavour to discover valuable facts or relationships. Characteristics of Business Research a. Systematic and organized b. Objective approach c. Helps in decision making 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH Business Research may involve careful enquiry or experimentation and result in discovery or invention. There cannot be any research which does not increase knowledge which may be useful to different people in different ways. a. For Industrial and economic growth b. For business management c. For management . d. Research plays a significant role in the identification of a new project, project feasibility and project implementation. e. Research helps the management to discharge its managerial functions. f. Research helps in the formulation of business policy and strategy. g. Research and Development ( R D) helps in developing new products or modifying the existing products . h. Research not only establishes relationships between different variables in each of these functional areas, but also between these various functional areas. i. Research is a must in the production area. j. The purchase/material department uses research to frame alternative suitabl e policies regarding where to buy, when to buy, how much to buy, and at what price to buy. k. Closely linked with production function is marketing function. Market research and marketing research provide a major part of marketing information which influences the inventory level and production level. Marketing research studies include problems and opportunities in the market, product preference, sales forecasting, advertising effectiveness, product distribution, after sales service etc., l. Financial institutions (banking and non-banking) have found it essential to set up research division for the purpose of collecting and analysing data both for their internal purpose and for making in depth studies on economic conditions of business and people. m. In the area of human resource management job design, job analysis, job assignment, scheduling work breaks etc., have to be based on investigation and analysis. 5.TYPES OF RESEARCH Research may be classified into different typ es for the sake of better understanding of the concept. Several bases can be adopted for classification such as nature of data, branch of knowledge, extent of coverage, place of investigation, method employed, time frame and so on. Depending upon use of research results i.e., whether it is contributing to the theory building or problem solving, research can be Basic or Applied. Basic research is called pure / theoretical / fundamental research. Basic research includes original investigations for the advancement of knowledge that does not have specific objectives to answer problems of sponsoring agencies. Applied research also called Action research, constitutes research activities on problems posed by sponsoring agencies for the purpose of contributing to the solution of these problems. 6. TYPES OF BUSINESS RESEARCH simple dichotomous classification of research is Quantitative research and Qualitative research / non-quantitative. Quantitative research is variables based where as qualitative research is attributes based. Quantitative research is based on measurement / quantification of the phenomenon under study. In other words, it is data based and hence more objective and more popular. Qualitative research is bsd on subjective assessmnt of attributes,motives,opinions,desires, preferences,behaviour etc. Resrch in such situation is function of researchers insights and impressions. According to the purpose/aim/objective of the research, the research studies are known as. Descriptive Study: The major purpose of descriptive research is description of a person, situation, institution or an event as it exists. Generally fact finding studies are of this type. Exploratory Study:The information known on a particular subject matter is little. Hence, a study is conducted to know more about it so as to formulate the problem and procedures of the study. Such a study is called exploratory/ formulative study. 7. SOME IMPORTANT AREAS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH Management research Production (also called manufacturing) research Research in personnel management Research in Financial Management Accounting research Marketing research Business policy research 8. METHODS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH The researcher has to provide answers at the end, to the research questions raised in the beginning of the study. For this purpose he has to investigate and gather the relevant. The methods for obtaining the data for research can be described as: a. Survey Method b. Observation Method c. Case Method d. Experimental Method e. Historical Method f. Comparative Method 9. DIFFICULTIES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH IN INDIA In India, researchers in general, and business researchers in particular are facing several problems. This is all the more true in case of empirical research. Some of the important problems are as follows: a. lack of scientific training in the business research methodology is a major problem in our country. b. There is paucity of competent researchers and research supervisors. As a result the research results many a time do not reflect the reality. c. Many of the business organizations are not research conscious d. Decision makers do not appear to be very keen on implementing the findings of their R D departments. e. Small organizations which are the majority in our economy, are not able to afford a R D department at all. f. Many people largely depend on customs, traditions and routine practices in their decision making. g. The secrecy of business information is sacrosanct to business organizations. h. Difficulty of funds i. Poor library facilities a t many places. j. Many researchers in our country also face the difficulty of inadequate computer assistance. k. Delayed publication of data. i. Another difficulty in the research arena is that there is no code of conduct for the researchers. In spite of all these difficulties and problems, a business enterprise cannot avoid research, especially in the fast changing world of today. 10. RESEARCH PROCESS The business research process consists of a number of stages: Planning the research activity, execution of the plan and finally consolidation of the results of the research activity or reporting. important activities involved in the research process are listed below: a. Selection of a research problem or researchable area. b. Selection of research objectives c. Acquaintance with the current theory and knowledge and work done in that area. d. Formulation of research hypothesis. e. Selection of research design f. Selection of sample design g. Identification of the sources of data. h. Creation and construction of data collection instruments like Questionnaire, Schedules, Scales etc. i. Pre-testing of the instruments and their possible revision. j. Formal acquisition of data and information, through survey, observation, interview etc. k. Processing and analysis of the data l. Interpretation of the data and formal write up i.e., reporting. 11.RESEARCH PROBLEM Without a problem, research cannot proceed, because there is nothing to proceed from and proceed towards. Therefore, the first step in research is to perceive a problem either practical or theoretical. The recognition or existence of a problem motivates research. 12.Research Problems Areas If the researcher has a ready problem on hand, he/she can proceed further in the research process or else have to search for a problem. Research problem can be from any area like: a. Business Problems b. Day to Day Problems c. Technological Changes d. Unexplored Areas e. Theory of Ones Own Interest f. Books, Theses, Dissertation Abstracts, Articles g. Policy Problems h. Discussions with Supervisor and Other Knowledgeable Persons 13. How To Select a Research Problem a. The topic selected should be original or at least less explored. b. It should be of significance and socially relevant and useful. c. It should be interesting to the researcher and should fit into his aptitude. d. It should be from an area of the researchers specialization. e. It should correspond to the researchers abilities both acquired and acquirable. f. It should be big enough to be researchable and small enough to be handled the topic should be amenable for research with existing and acquirable skills. g. It should have a clear focus or objective. h. The feasibility of carrying out research should be checked. i. It should be completed with in the time limits permissible. 14. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Having selected and specified the research problem, the next step is to formulate the objectives of research. Research is not for the sake of research. It is undertaken to achieve some thing. Thus, research is a goal-oriented activity. We have to identify the goal / goals to be achieved and they must be specified in order to give direction to the research study. 15. HYPOTHESIS Purpose of research is to find a solution to the difficulty. It is desirable that the researcher should propose a set of suggested solutions or explanations of the difficulty which the research proposes to solve. Such tentative solutions Formulated as a proposition are called hypotheses. 16. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Broadly, hypothesis can be divided into two categories namely, the research hypothesis also called null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis. Null Hypothesis: It is an important concept that is used widely in the sampling theory. It forms the basis of many tests of significance. Under this type, the hypothesis is stated negatively. It is null because it may be nullified, if the evidence of a random sample is unfavorable to the hypothesis. It is a hypothesis being tested (H0). If the calculated value of the test is less than the permissible value, Null hypothesis is accepted, otherwise it is rejected. Alternate Hypothesis: Alternate hypothesis is usually the one which we wish to prove, it is a statement just opposite to null hypothesis and is usually indicated by H1.The alternate hypothesis is there to explicitly specify the relationship that will be considered true if in case the research hypothesis proves to be wrong. 17. CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis controls and directs the research study. When a problem is felt,we require the hypothesis to explain it. Generally, there is more than one hypothesis which aims at explaining the same fact. But all of them cannot be equally good. A good hypothesis should possess the following characteristics: a. A hypothesis should be empirically verifiable. b. A hypothesis should be relevant. c. A hypothesis must have predictive and explanatory power. d. A hypothesis must furnish a base for deductive inference on consequences. e. A hypothesis does not go against the traditionally established knowledge. f. A hypothesis should be simple. g. A hypothesis must be clear, definite and certain. h. A Hypothesis should be related to available techniques. 18. FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHESIS If a clear scientific hypothesis has been formulated, half of the research work is already done. The functions of a hypothesis can be summarized in the following manner: a. It is a starting point for many a research work. b. It helps in deciding the direction in which to proceed. c. It helps in selecting and collecting pertinent facts. d. It is an aid to explanation. e. It helps in drawing specific conclusions. f. It helps in testing theories. g. It works as a basis for future knowledge.

Kidney Failure Essay - 846 Words

Introduction There is a pair of kidneys in the human body. They are situated towards the back of the body under the ribs, just at the level of the waist where one on either side of the body. Each kidney is composed of about one million units which are called nephrons and each nephron consists of two parts: a filter which is called the glomerulus and a tubule leading out from the nephron (Cameron 1999). According to Marshall and Bangert (2008) the kidneys have three major functions. Firstly, the kidneys are excretion of waste from plasma in the blood. The second function is that, they maintain of extracellular fluid volume and composition. Lastly, the kidneys have a role in hormone synthesis. Renal Failure The renal†¦show more content†¦However, when the kidneys stop working completely, this situation is known as end-stage renal failure (ESRF). There are some diseases may cause chronic renal failure and this essay will focus on two types of these common diseases. Diabetes Mellitus One of the diseases is diabetes mellitus which is a major cause of renal failure. This disease can be defined as an increase of fasting blood glucose that is affected by a deficiency in insulin hormone. The normal range for glucose (fasting) in the blood is 2.8-6.0 mmol/L. It is classified into two groups, type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Stein (2008, p.6) points out that kidney failure happens most often when patients have suffered from diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years. According to United States Renal Data System (USRDS) report in 2007, approximately 44% of primary causes of renal failure is diabetes mellitus in the United States in 2005. Also, Stein (2008) indicates that 15% of dialysis patients are influenced by diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom. Diabetes mellitus has negative affects throughout the kidneys where the increase of the range of blood sugar causes the damages to the cell s in the kidneys. This leads to the presence of the glucose in the urine which is known as glycosuric. Hypertension High blood pressure which is called hypertension is another common disease which can cause chronic renal failure. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Complications Of Kidney Failure1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Complications of Kidney Failure and How Hemodialysis Works to Fix Them Katie Sullivan Professor Manny Rodriguez CHE102-002 Parkland College April 2, 2015 Kidney Dialysis †¢ Kidney failure is deadly disease if not treated immediately. †¢ When functioning normally, the kidneys clean the blood of waste and other fluids, but when they fail the kidneys can t clean it. This is where kidney dialysis comes in. †¢ Kidney dialysis is the method that is used to clean the blood of waste and other fluidsRead MoreKidney Failure Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesKidney Failure And Treatments By Andrea Sands 6/21/10 Professor Noahleen Betts The kidneys are important organs in your body to help filter waste. Sometimes organs may fail and cause further problems within your body. There are treatments available for kidney failure including dialysis and a kidney transplant. Both treatments do involve life changes and the patient must stay healthy. It is important to learn about your body and learn the signs and symptoms of when something goes wrongRead MoreAnalysis of a Webpage of the Kidney Failure1488 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of a Webpage of the Kidney Failure Internet has grown rapidly into an immense information source. Internet resources can be used as a patient education tool and they offer the opportunities for personal interaction. Instead of following health advice and instructions passively, internet tools allow people to maintain their physical well-being actively by providing updated health information, user friendly activities, and support groups (Rankin et al., 2005). 64% of the 113 million internetRead MoreDiabetic Nephropathy : An Irreversible Kidney Failure843 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetic nephropathy, an irreversible kidney failure, continues to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease requiring either a kidney transplant or renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis (Bilous, 2013). Worldwide, approximately fifty percent of cases of end-stage chronic kidney disease are caused by diabetes mellitus, with type II comprising the majority (Vladu, 2014). The prevalence of diabetes has been estimated to increase worldwide with the total number of diabetics rising fromRead MoreAn Effective Treatment of Kidney Failure Essay592 Words   |  3 PagesAn Effective Treatment of Kidney Failure The kidney can fail for many reasons, when it does it leaves the sufferer with an inability to filter out harmful substances in the blood. This leads to a number of symptoms. The first treatment for kidney failure would normally be dialysis, there are two techniques. Haemodialysis cleans blood outside the body by using a pump to pump out the blood and through a dialyser. This filters out the blood via diffusion and pumpsRead MoreChronic Kidney Failure Of The United State994 Words   |  4 Pages The most common cause of kidney failure in the United State is Diabetes. According to â€Å"the U.S. renal data system the top five causes of renal failure are diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, cystic diseases and Urologic diseases†. Unfortunately, people can have renal disease for a long period of time before detecting or notice any symptom leading to a potentially life treating. Kidneys are equipped with millions of nephrons that continually filtering out and removes waste products suchRead MoreHeart Failure And Acute Kidney Injury1338 Words   |  6 Pagesawareness regarding this particular subset of patients. There is an interdependence between acute decompensated heart failure and acute kidney injury as one can lead to another and hence get into a vicious cycle. Heart failure is a state of neurohormonal imbalance. Pathophysiology of AKI in Heart failure patients is mediated by various pathways mainly, by reduced perfusion to kidneys leading to venous congestion, by reduced response to diuretic therapy secondary to post-diuretic sodium retention, andRead MoreYour Kidneys during Acute Renal Failure1447 Words   |  6 PagesWhat happens when your kidneys fail? Acute renal failure is a disorder of the kidneys when it’s ceased to perform its functions. For example, the kidneys lose its ability to excrete wastes. When your kidneys fail because of a disease or injury, wastes and extra fluid can build up in the blood and make you sick. Kidneys will not be able to maintain homeostasis of electrolytes. A high level of plasma potassium, sodium concentration, and elevated pH will be evident as well. ARF can be arranged dependingRead MoreAnatomy And Physiology : Normal Structure And Function1422 Words   |  6 PagesPhysiology: Normal Structure and Function According to Patton and Thibodeau (2012), the kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. The convex side of each kidney is located laterally and the concave side medial. The renal hilum on the concave side is the point where the renal artery enters, the vein and ureter leave the kidney. Deep to the perirenal fat, the kidney is surrounded by fibrous connective tissue called the renal capsule. Deep to theRead MoreExcretory System1437 Words   |  6 Pagesproduct in this process and is used in the digestive process. The Kidneys The role of the kidneys is to remove nitrogenous wastes from the body. Nitrogenous means that it is rich in the element nitrogen. Nitrogen in high concentrations in the body can cause several problems such as joint pain, strokes or heart attacks. The kidney is made up three parts: the renal cortex, the renal medulla and the renal pelvis. All mammals have two kidneys. The kidneys primary function is to regulate various body fluids

Four characteristics of Romanesque art Free Essays

The Romanesque art period started from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century, or later, depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque. The term was invented by 19th century art historians, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style. We will write a custom essay sample on Four characteristics of Romanesque art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mostly round-headed arches, as well as barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration but had also developed many very different characteristics. The Romanesque style was the first style to impact the whole of Catholic Europe, from Denmark to Sicily. Romanesque art consisted of sculptures, made out of metal, enamel, and ivory work. Metals were a very high status in this period, much more than the paintings. Metal sculptures included enamel decorations, for example The Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral by Nicholas of Verndun. It is said to contain the bones of the Biblical Magi, also known as the Three Kings or the Three Wise Men. The shrine is a large gilded and decorated triple sarcophagus placed above and behind the high altar of Cologne Cathedral. It is the largest reliquary, which is known as a shrine, in the western world. Another example of Romanesque metal work is the Cloisters Cross. It is an unusually complex 12th century ivory Romanesque altar cross in The Cloisters. The cross is carved from walrus ivory and measures 22 5/8 by 14 1/4 inches. The carvings that are covering both the front and the back contain ninety-two carved figures and ninety-eight inscriptions. The figures, each of which is only about one-half inch tall, illustrate a number of Biblical scenes. Also read  Driver’s Ed Module Reflection Journal Aside form the sculptures Romanesque art was known for its wall paintings. The large wall surfaces and plain, curving vaults of the Romanesque period lent themselves to mural decoration. Many of the early wall paintings have been destroyed by moisture and some walls have been re plastered and painted over. Majority, if not all, wall paintings were in churches. The Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, which is located in Poitou, France, is home to many of these murals. One of these murals is, â€Å"God speaks to Noah†. This mural was done using the Fresco technique. The Fresco technique is a painting done on fresh plaster (calcina), which is done immediately on freshly applied plaster before it dries. Another type of Romanesque art is embroidery. Romanesque embroidery is best known from the Bayeux Tapestry. The Bayeux Tapestry is a 0. 5-by-68. 38-meter long embroidered cloth, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England as well as the events of the invasion itself. The tapestry is annotated in Latin. Another popular type of embroidery is called the Opus Anglicanum or English work. It is a contemporary term for fine needlework of Medieval England done for ecclesiastical or secular use on clothing, hangings or other textiles, primarily by nuns and then by professionals who had served seven years’ apprenticeship in secular workshops. Stained glass is the colored and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th to the 16th century. For much of this period stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form, particularly in northern France, Germany and England where windows tended to be larger than in southern areas. Glass was both expensive and fairly flexible meaning it could be added to or re-arranged, seems to mostly be used in churches, but were also found in wealthy domestic settings and public buildings such as town halls. The purpose of stained glass windows in a church was both to enhance the beauty of their setting and to inform the viewer through narrative or symbolism. Most of the magnificent stained glass of France, including the famous windows of Chartres, dates from the 13th century. Few large windows that date back from the Twelfth century are intact, one of them being the Crucifixion of Poitiers. It is a remarkable composition that rises through three stages. The lowest with a quatrefoil depicting the Martyrdom of St Peter, the largest central stage dominated by the crucifixion and the upper stage showing the Ascension of Christ in a mandorla. The window has been described as, â€Å"a remarkable beauty†. The earliest intact figures are five prophet windows at Augsburg, dating from the late Eleventh century. The figures, though stiff and formalized, demonstrate proficiency in design, both pictorially and in the functional use of the glass. One particular is called, â€Å"The Prophet Daniel†. How to cite Four characteristics of Romanesque art, Papers

System Analysis and Design for Health System - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSystem Analysis and Design for Health System. Answer: Introduction My Health Records system is designed in such a way that the data of the patient is used for happier, healthier and provide more productive life benefits. Digital health system will provide the users to have greater access and control of information. This approach works with a key focus on engaging more into innovation, safety of data and clinical quality. The main agenda and focus of the system is to put the data safe that is the data which is related to patients, healthcare professionals and also consumers who have the access to look after them (Australian Digital Health Agency, 2017; Middleton, et al., 2013). System Quality and Interfaces With the introduction of health information technology, rather than improving the data quality that has to be recorded, the systems are recording data which is bad quantity and also wasting data usage. Although the systems are designed to mitigate medical errors, new type of errors comes into existence and that has to be monitored efficiently. Medical errors can be possibly eradicated with the help of automation alerts. Lack of monitoring systems safety, systems may (Agency for Helathcare Reseach and Quality, 2013): Have developed with incomplete or improper design (Bowman, 2013) Depending on unreliable software or hardware Have bugs in the programming Introducing failure models into the system etc. Poor user Interface and System Constraints In addition to poor functionality, adding poor user interface with complex nature and lack of user friendliness will degrade the trust of user. Also, it will not be able to provided intended benefit with the approach of the government. False information may lead to confusing screen errors and that gets really complicated because the end user would not even get what the error is about (Bowman, 2013). System constraints may include like inappropriate capture of the documentation, allowing the users to copy and paste any information in the data fields. This is an issue because allowing copy paste mechanism will not give complete description of the patients or users information. The data which is of readymade is used to paste and every patient has different symptoms and for this, the functionality has to be disabled and along with that, one can run or inject any malware if the user is allowed to copy and paste and then run the application to submit the data (Cloud Standards Customer Council, 2017). Along with this, security is also a big constraint in My Health Records system because the data that has been entered and sent to the databases of the system should only be accessed with the user that has been registered and unauthorized access of data will lead to steal users identification and also it is threat to the user. Performance should also be kept in mind. When there is either data breach or if the load on the server is too high, system would not respond to the user and the data that flows through the application will end up in showing error pages which is hard for an end user to know what it is (Cloud Standards Customer Council, 2017). Review of Cloud Based Architecture in My Health Records Cloud technology is attracting each and every business towards it and it is because the power it has to accumulate the data on cloud from moving out from old traditional systems of storing data in data centers which gets difficult to provide service for the customers who are outside of the zone of an organization (Singh, 2015). Take it either public, private or hybrid cloud and each of them have their own limitations and depending up on the usage and cost, organizations should decide what deployment cloud model they have to adapt to fulfill the customers and in My Health Records, providing data to the authorized users without any data-centric breaches and free flow of data from client and server end. Strengths of usage cloud architecture: Goodbye to old model systems with minimal expenditure, cloud based systems will provide adequate services that will ensure that the services are satisfactory. Accessing data from any environment one can access to data from any environment such as mobile devices, IPad, tablets etc. Expenses eliminator cloud systems will eliminate the software expenses that were in use before. Data centralization and recovery of data the data of the organization is just stored at one place and the data can be accessible from any remote location once the data is moved on cloud. And cloud systems will automatically backup data on regular basis and this will cut out the costs that were handled to maintain data in hardware which is worth of spending lots of dollars (Singh, 2015). Cloud security and free cloud storage cloud systems provide free storage service and of course upon certain limit, cost will be put onto the data. With data, deploying private or hybrid cloud will help in securing the data that is moved on cloud. Weakness of cloud based systems Internet connection and low bandwidth - to access the data which is on cloud, internet connection should be established and if the cloud architecture doesnt support enough number of users to access data then bandwidth consumption per user will be very low and this will lead to load the data more slowly and time consuming (Singh, 2015). Security issues encryption of data. Non-negotiable SLA agreements when a cloud service is chosen, organization should make sure that they concentrate on what service they are going to get and what are terms and conditions of that service. Incompatibility and complexity issues SDLC Approach on My Health Records Since My Health Records system knows what the application is about and also has clear objectives that are what to achieve and what are the outcomes of the project, clearly it is predictive SDLC approach. Since the outcomes are expected in predictive approach, following waterfall method will give enough maintainability of the system in the cycle. Pros: Known outcome Familiarity of the project for the entire team Development of the project will be thoroughly documented first Predictability of change (Warner, 2005) Cons: Limited flexibility Hard to break up the project into components and reuse them Cannot adapt with the changing technology (Warner, 2005) Adaptive SDLC approach it is generally agile and it is best in changing environments where flexibility is given as primary choice. Pros: Ready to adapt any environment Components based architecture Reusable components Ultimate flexibility (Warner, 2005) Cons: Does not have a predefined goal and outcomes are not predictive Changing environment along with the goals will take infinite time to build the application Team or the project is small because of limited resources (Warner, 2005) References Agency for Helathcare Reseach and Quality. (2013, May). Module 17. Electronic Health Records and Meaningful Use. Retrieved May 2017, from Ahrq.gov: https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/improve/system/pfhandbook/mod17.html Australian Digital Health Agency. (2017). About the Agency. Retrieved May 2017, from Digitalhealth.gov.au: https://www.digitalhealth.gov.au/about-the-agency Bowman, S. (2013, October). Impact of Electronic Health Record Systems on Information Integrity: Quality and Safety Implications. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 10(Fall). Retrieved May 2017, from https://perspectives.ahima.org/impact-of-electronic-health-record-systems-on-information-integrity-quality-and-safety-implications/ Cloud Standards Customer Council. (2017, February). Impact of cloud computing on healthcare. Retrieved from https://www.cloud-council.org/deliverables/CSCC-Impact-of-Cloud-Computing-on-Healthcare.pdf Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M., Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(e1), e2-e8. Retrieved May 2017 Singh, U. (2015, April 27). 11 Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing Everyone Should Know. Retrieved May 2017, from Linkedin.com: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/11-pros-cons-cloud-computing-everyone-should-know-umesh-singh Warner, E. (2005, December 02). Adaptive vs. Predictive: Is the end clear? Retrieved may 2017, from idea.org: https://www.idea.org/blog/2005/12/02/adaptive-vs-predictive-is-the-end-clear/

Martin Luther King Essays (428 words) - Community Organizing

Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at noon Tuesday, January 15, 1929, at his home in Atlanta, Georgia. He was first named Michael Luther King Jr., and later changed his name to Martin, after his father. He was the first son and second child born to the reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King, a schoolteacher. Growing up as an African American in Georgia, Martin experienced and suffered discrimination throughout his boyhood. This discrimination against black people was cruel and demoralizing. Martin Luther King Jr. told once of an experience he had riding a bus with his schoolteacher from Macon to Atlanta, "the driver started cursing us out and calling us black sons of bitches. I decided not to move at all, but my teacher pointed out that we must obey the law. So we got up and stood in the aisle the whole 90 miles to Atlanta. It was a night I'll never forget. I don't think I have ever been so deeply angry in my life." There were many discriminatory laws in the South. They had certain restaurants that they were allowed to eat in, separate water-fountains, separate bathrooms. Just about everything you can think of was segregated. One of his first experiences was with the curtains that were used on the dining cars of trains to separate the whites from the blacks. This incident struck King pretty hard, he said, "I felt just it as if a curtain had come down across my whole life. The insult of it I will never forget." King was an extremely bright student and skipped right through his high school years and entered Atlanta's Negro Morehouse College at age 15. His father encouraged him to study ministry, while he had his heart set on medicine or law. King was embarrassed of his own religion. He didn't understand what all the shouting and stamping was all about. But after reading and rereading Thoreau's essay, "Civil Disobedience," he came to the conclusion that the only way he could bring about his ideas on social protest was through ministry. At Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, King studied the writings and teachings of many philosophers, such as Hegel and Kant, but the person that impressed him the most was Mohandas Gandhi, and his beliefs in a nonviolent protest. On June 18, 1953, King marries Coretta Scott,.a young girl from Marion, Alabama. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott's home in Marion. The reverend King, Sr., performed the service, with only a few attending. The Kings will go on to have four children, Yolanda Denise King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, and Bernice Albertine King. Martin Luther King Essays (428 words) - Community Organizing Martin Luther King The person whom I respect who fought for what he believed is a person whom we celebrate every year, on the third Monday in January. He was an American Clergyman and Nobel Prize Winner, one of the principal leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement and a prominent advocate of non-violent protest. That is right, it is Martin Luther King Jr. The reason I admire this man so much is for everything he has done for this country, in the way of racism. It amazes me to see how one person challenged the segregation and racial discriminations in the 1950 and 60s and helped convince White Americans to support the cause of the Civil Rights in the United States. For one man to become a symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. After his passing to show how racism really is still out there and needs to be desegregated. I admire how he used nonviolent protests to get his view points across about racial issues. Martin Luther King Jrs public speaking abilities gave him the strength and courage to fight non-violently for what he believed. I feel that he was a great person who was changing the society for the better of all human beings. Although he went through some rough roads, like his house being bombed. Martin Luther King Jr. did not give up. Hw went on about what he believed and continued his marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. To me Martin Luther King Jr., if not assassinated in the Spring of 1968 (April). He probably would have made the United States even a better place than it is now on racial issues. I look to him as a wonderful person who never gave up in what he believed, and died for doing so. I find it unbelievable that the King came to represent black courage, and achievement, high moral leadership, and the ability of Americans to address and overcome racial divisions. Even though he criticized the United States foreign policy and poverty, he soared above all and became a historical figure among the country. Martin Luther King Jr. is one who I will admire always. He was a great and remarkable individual who fought for the rights of Black. I applaud him for fighting and dying for what he believed in. And most of all, I respect all that he has changed for the United States with his marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. America lost a great person, but has gained a lot for his fight against racism. Politics Essays

Writing a Sample Essay on Weakness

Writing a Sample Essay on WeaknessWeakness samples are a great resource for those who need a sample essay on the topic of weakness. Some people with a big weakness believe they have a great weakness, but most individuals do not. Many people will find a weakness when they do not know what it is or how to put it into words. If you want to be different from everyone else, then you can write a sample essay on weakness to help others find your weakness.This weakness might be perceived differently by different people. However, this article will cover the word difficulty level and the ways you can find it in a weakness sample essay. The word difficulty level is an important point to note when looking at a weakness sample essay. The difficulty level in the word is determined by the difficulty level of the concept or information. For example, if you found your weakness on 'going over things in your head' and someone else came across your weakness as 'reading too much', then you would need to adjust your writing skills to match.The level of difficulty in the weakness is determined by your strength. If you do not know what you are writing about, then you must research on the weakness to understand the concept first. You can look at dictionaries, crosswords, or any other writing course to find out what the strength is in the word. The way you can find strength is through online research. By conducting some research on your weakness, you can actually work on the weakness and write more effectively.Weaknesses can come in many shapes and sizes. For example, you may find your weakness as a person who is not very articulate or an individual who does not like to make friends. If you find this weakness, you can look at other people who fall into this weakness or you can find other people who find the weakness interesting. By doing this, you can develop the language in your weakness and create your own unique weakness sample essay.Even though weakness can be more than one idea, th e idea itself is the basis for your weakness. For example, if you are shy, you will likely find your weakness as an individual who does not want to get involved in social situations. You can look at any online source and find several definitions of the word 'weakness'. You can look at definitions for each person and then adjust your writing style to fit the definition of weakness that you have found.Research can be as simple as checking online dictionaries to find the definition for the word. You can even check how many times it is used. You can also look at where the word was used and what other types of words it could have been applied to. By doing this, you can find different ways to describe your weakness and write your own weakness essay. To find a weakness that fits your writing style, you should consider writing down three weaknesses that you have found in the past. By doing this, you can start to build your weakness knowledge base and write more effectively.With this knowled ge, you will be able to write a strength sample essay that you can make work for you and others. When you research weaknesses online, you will have a better idea of the best way to approach weaknesses and write an effective weakness sample essay.

Angola Essays - Capital Punishment In Louisiana, Free Essays

Angola Essays - Capital Punishment In Louisiana, Free Essays Angola I feel that Angola prison system is a very effective correction system. The video demonstrated how the system has different setups to keep the prisoners working to keep them out of trouble. Although Angola is a rough maximum-security system, it seems to have great control over the inmates. The atmosphere of Angola is rough, but has great control over the inmates, which keeps it safe in its own unusual way. By keeping all the inmates working with different jobs, they have less violence. By giving the inmates jobs, they hold a certain responsibility so they stay out of trouble to keep these jobs. This is proven in one way because the prisoners are out in fields with sharp objects, which could lead to violence and even escape. Since the prisons hold the responsibilities they do there job and stay out of trouble. I do not think they could escape because the surroundings are rough so they could not get out. Inside the prison IM sure it is the same as other prisons with gangs and violence, but the difference is the working there. Another thing that helps Angola is the prison rodeos they hold. This is why prisoners one time out of the year hold a rodeo. They are suited up and ride the bulls and wild horses for fun and for a show for the public. Only the inmates with good records are allowed to do this, so to keep this privilege the prisoners keep good conduct. This is another responsibility left on the prisoners just like the jobs. These are a few reasons I feel Angola atmosphere is great for a maximum security prisons. If more prisons would use this setup of jobs and privileges, they could lower their violence. If I had the chance to change something in Angola, I do not think I would change anything. It seems to be setup and ran well the way it is. Although there is still some violence, drugs, and rape inside the walls, that cannot be changed because that is just part of a prison system. The so-called Responsibility system at Angola is ran well and I do not thing it needs to be changes. These are some reasons I feel Angolas prison system is effective and do not need to be changed. The atmosphere of Angola although it is very tough it is very calm for a maximum-security prison and more prisons should use the set up for a background to base theirs off of.

Dont Do Due Diligence

Dont Do Due Diligence Don’t Do Due Diligence Don’t Do Due Diligence By Maeve Maddox Not so very long ago, the only people I heard talk about â€Å"due diligence† were realtors. Due diligence is a legal term that refers to the exercise of proper care and attention to avoid committing an offense through ignorance. For example, a realtor must trace previous ownership and make sure that a property is free and clear before selling it to a new owner. In another context, due diligence is the comprehensive appraisal of a business undertaken to evaluate the commercial worth of a business. Due diligence is exercised to investigate such matters as assets and liabilities. Since the 1980s, the expression â€Å"due diligence† has migrated from legal and business use to the general vocabulary, where it has become an inflated synonym for â€Å"comparison shopping.† comparison shopping: comparing the same or similar products or services as offered by different retailers, manufacturers, etc. in order to find the best value at the lowest price. A few users do seem to understand that â€Å"due diligence† is a specialized term in need of explanation: Prudence would dictate that such an important decision [choosing a college] be preceded by a serious period of what on Wall Street is called due diligence. By going through the above information-gathering activities [i.e., researching colleges], you are performing your due diligence in making a final choice.   More commonly, writers use of the expression as if it were simply another way of saying â€Å"research a subject,† â€Å"compare prices,† â€Å"shop around,† or â€Å"think things through†: Always use your due diligence when researching DHT blockers/inhibitor [in shampoos] I never make a decision on ANYTHING without first doing my Yelp due diligence.    Due diligence in the running shoe  arena can make a huge difference between success and failure. A bride that has done her due diligence in her quest to truly find the best wedding dress always asks the question, â€Å"where else can I go to compare this particular dress style?† [Before buying a dog] practice due diligence by researching dog breeds, asking family, friends or neighbours who have dogs, and consulting experts. Using the verb do with â€Å"due diligence† creates a mildly comic effect because of the juxtaposition of the â€Å"do† sounds: Dont Wing It To Strategically Position Yourself, Do Your Due Diligence Do You Do Due Diligence? Who are we to get in the way of mamas who want to do their due diligence and sample lots more of our clothing? â€Å"Do due diligence† echoes the humorous euphemism â€Å"doo-doo.† I even found a headline that deliberately plays on the doo-doo effect: Doo Your Due Diligence when Using a Kennel The story under the headline has nothing to do with doo-doo, but I don’t think that the spelling is a typo. The site is run by a business called ScooperDude; it offers a weekly clean-up service to dog owners who don’t want to pick up after their own dogs. When it comes to â€Å"due diligence,† it’s better to exercise it or practice it than to do it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:8 Writing Tips for BeginnersThe Uses of â€Å"The†

The Hazardous Storm of Hurricane Katrina Article

The Hazardous Storm of Hurricane Katrina - Article Example Hurricane Katrina was the costliest as well as single of the five deadliest storms in the past of the United States. It was the sixth strongest Atlantic storm ever documentation and the third-strongest hurricane on evidence that through land descend in the United States. Katrina shaped on August 23 through the 2005 Atlantic hurricane period as well as caused destruction along a large amount of the north-central Gulf Coast. The mainly severe failure of life and assets damage come about in New Orleans which inundated as the levee system calamitously failed in numerous cases hours subsequent to the storm had stimulated inland. The storm causes ruthless harm across the intact Mississippi coast as well as into Alabama, in fact, the storm is probably to have been accountable for $81.2 billion in scratch making it the costliest to be a probable tragedy in U.S. history. The disastrous collapse of the deluge fortification in New Orleans provoked instantaneous assessment of the Army Corps of E ngineers which has by congressional mandate sole responsibility for design and construction of the flood protection. There was also widespread criticism of the federal situation as well as local administration retort to the hurricane which resulted in exploration by the U.S. Congress and the acceptance of Federal Emergency Management Agency manager Michael D. Brown. On the other hand, the National Hurricane Center along with National Weather Service was extensively commended for precise forecasts moreover abundant lead point (Wikipedia, 2008). In Addition, Media descriptions of impoverished flood sufferers in New Orleans in the happening of Hurricane Katrina produced the impression and thought of an indifferent federal government. An opponent, as expected, took endeavor at the mayor, the Louisiana governor, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the President. Some also disapproved of the department of protection seeing that if it had unsuccessful to provide the speedy, sudden and enormous compassionate reprieve which the American citizens had drawn  closer to expect after an ordinary tragedy.

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Statement Example nd respected Business Schools in the United Kingdom, the International reputation of the department of Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations has attracted many local and international students, and I believe the institution will definitely offer one of the most intellectually stimulating environments to pursue my career goals. My interest in the study areas of marketing, public relations and advertisement was first aroused during shortly after I began my undergraduate studies in humanities foundation (Sociology, Media & Computer Information Technology) at Bellerby College, Oxford. Undertaking this course has not only enabled me to establish a solid theoretical foundation in communications and media but has also enhanced my quantitative as well as interpersonal skills. In addition, my preference for communication and sociology makes me to find public relations to be an instrumental field to my dream career of being a Communications and Media Manager in a well established organization. I am particularly enthusiastic to learn about how different business enterprises embrace varied social media utilities to remain relevant in face of the rapidly evolving marketing conditions. Besides, I want to learn about how a business’ responsiveness to social issues that unravel during its course of operation can impact the achievement of the overall strategic goals. I have also developed deep insights into ways of conceptualizing and developing creative communication actions for both advertisement and public relations. I posses exemplary skills in communication and media, which have been helpful in letting me tailor adverts in a way that suits the target group. Besides, I am proficient in matching different types of social media utilities with given audience in varied advertising contexts and marketing endeavors. In integrating these efforts into public relations, I believe that I will be better positioned to build cross-functional groups that are capable of executing

How Technology Has Changed Law Enforcement Criminology Essay

How Technology Has Changed Law Enforcement Criminology Essay The purpose of this paper is to discover how technology has changed the role of law enforcement personnel and how crimes and criminals have changed since the days of the Roman Empire. The objective is to show the advancements in technology that will aid our law enforcement agencies and police in fighting crime and to stop crime before it happens. This paper explains how the role of police officer has slowly changed up until the 21st century. Since the year 2000, everything has been quickly changing. New technologies have provided criminals with a whole new class of crimes and have also made it extremely difficult for them to get caught. At the same time, new technologies have been developed to help law enforcement fight against this new class of crime and criminal. The problem is that the new high-tech criminals are ahead in the fight. Although there has been a trend of consolidating law enforcement agencies, over the years, there is still a large resistance to the idea. Many states have merged agencies and have become more efficient in the way of service but many more a slow to realize the benefits of merging when it comes to fighting globalized crimes. Government agencies, such as the FBI, CIA, and Homeland Security seem to have an endless supply of funds that they can use to obtain the ways and means to fight 21st century crime. Terrorism is their main concern. Those at the federal level are attempting to merge efforts with state and local law enforcement agencies. Not much evidence was found to show that the federal government agencies are providing the lower levels of law enforcement with much needed funds. How does the role of police officer need to change in order to adequately protect our citizens from 21st century crimes and criminals? Chapter 2: History of Law Enforcement From the time when the development of society first began, some sort of law enforcement existed to defend the people against violence and crime and to keep rulers in command. Even in the Biblical era, there were armed personnel enlisted to uphold the peace. In ancient Egypt, a pharaoh reined over the land and his army of soldiers pursued the Israelites through the Red Sea. There were other similar civilizations like the Babylonians, the Syrians, and the Palestinians, just to name a few (Uchida, 1993). The most well established of all military armies was the Roman Empire. The Romans had an incredibly efficient and brutal mode of law enforcement that was established in order to uphold peace and enforce order. The Roman citizens never actually had an authentic police force, it wasnt until clan chiefs and state leaders were required to protect their people, back in the 5th century that police forces were established (Uchida, 1993). London was first to hire and pay keepers of the peace back in 1663. The idea quickly spread throughout the U.K. In June of 1800, Scotland established the Glasgow city police department. Glasgow police were the first trained police officers and were proficient in defensive policing. In 1829, Scotlands Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act, establishing the earliest civil police force model that has, over the last 181 years, has been adopted by many other countries, including the U. S. In 1834, Canada established its Toronto Police Force, making it one of the first police agencies in North America. 1939 brought the first full-time police department in U. S., namely, the Boston Police Department (Uchida, 1993). When civic policing was originally established in London in 1829, the focus was on stopping crime before it started: The community and the officials themselves looked upon the goal of policing as the nonexistence of crime. The original police officers in the U.S. were called peace officers; nevertheless, a markedly American approach of policing started to transpire in the States subsequent to the ending of the Civil War. As early settlers colonized the West, they realized they had to protect themselves from the natives. This realization led to the development of vigilante groups that were able to establish a list of township laws and frequently hired a so called gunfighter to be the townships sheriff in expectation of adequate protection. Over the decades, the American policing system changed from preventing crime to capturing and punishing law breakers. This system of law enforcement has reigned over time and has been adopted by numerous other countries (Stephens, 2005). The first modern police teams in America borrowed a great deal from those previously established in England. American law enforcement agencies adopted the strategy of crime deterrence, defensive patrol, and the military directorial plan of the first contemporary police department in London. American policing also borrowed additional elements from the English structure, such as, limitations to the amount of authority bestowed to police officers (Maguire, 1997). The security of individual freedom was greatly stressed in both the U. S. and England, consequently, limits were established on legislative and police authorities. This wasnt the situation in other European nations, where police organizations were allowed a wider range of control and individuals had few personal freedoms (Walker, 1999). Many countries have one central, state-run law enforcement agency. The U. S. and England do not. The American structure of law enforcement is controlled at the local, state, and federal levels, with the bulk of departments being community municipalities. One feature of U. S. policing system that was adopted from English heritage is a vastly decentralized and fragmented method of law enforcement. According to 1993 statistics, there are just about twenty thousand single law enforcement agencies within the U. S. The lack of organization and cooperation between individual law enforcement groups is a common characteristic of the American approach to law enforcement (Maguire et al, 1998). Even though the U.S. adopted the English model of a police force, there are several differences between the English and U. S. methods of law enforcement. England does not have a powerful political influence over their police agencies, unlike the U.S. and our daunting relationship between politics and policing. In fact, policing in America throughout the 19th century has been described as being disorganized, unproductive, unprofessional, and extremely corrupt (Walker, 1999). Those were times of high turnover of police officers, largely due to politics. For this reason, officers were not likely to have chummy relationships with the neighborhood people. During this time, police officers were notorious for brutality and were highly disrespected by the community. Police corruption led to an increase in violence among the towns people as well and thus resulted in weapon toting policemen (Walker, 1999). The 20th century brought on major changes to policing in the U. S. Underlying these changes was three main principle forces: (Gaines et al, 1999). Political reform. Modern technologies. The civil rights movement. Early in the 1900s, an extensive social and political movement in the U. S. called Progressivism was bringing awareness to and calling for total reform across a wide gamut of societal struggles. Progressives alleged that it was the governments duty to enhance the living conditions of the people. The Progressives demanded laws that would regulation sizeable businesses and corrupt local politics, modifications in labor laws, and upgrades to the whole of social welfare services (Walker, 1999). This reform effort was to the professionalization of police officers. The professionalization movement was to reform the ineffective and corrupt police departments that had been created throughout the 19th century. During this era of reform, there was a complete restructuring of police agencies and the role of police officers was redefined. The reformers goal was to eradicate political control, hire competent leaders, and elevate recruiting standards. The reform agenda involved the development of an unbiased public service administration and the restructuring of police agencies through the utilization of the principles of scientific management and the creation of specialized units (Walker, 1999). Table 1 Number of Major Events in the Last 40 Years that helped form Law Enforcement into what it is today. 1970s 1980,s 1990,s 21st Century Civil Uprising 44 13 10 1910 KKK 1 1 0 0 Black Militancy 6 0 0 0 Terrorist Attacks 10 11 9 23 Failed Terrorist Attacks 5 3 2 10 Intercepted Terrorist Plots 0 0 7 25 Chapter 3: Early Technology in Police Work The 20th century saw new technology that had a notable affect on policing in the U. S. Three specific technologies revolutionized policing: (Garretson, 2005). The two-way radio. The patrol car. The telephone. The two-way radio furnished on duty communication among supervisors and their officers, immediately impacting the quality of service to the community. The patrol car was presented in the 1920s and drastically increased the mobility of officers and radically lowered response time. The telephone made it possible for people to have a direct connection with the police department (Garretson, 2005). These new technologies also had a few unconstructive consequences. The patrol car isolated the police officers, where previously on foot, the officers were well-known in the neighborhood they patrolled and were able to visit with the citizens they came in contact with. The patrol car made law enforcement officers outsiders in their own communities. The telephone seriously increased the patrol officers workload. Individuals commenced telephoning the police department for trivial and private troubles that patrol officers were not accustomed to dealing with. The telephone changed casual civilian contact to personal contact by bringing officers into peoples homes (Garretson, 2005). Chapter 4: Modern Technology in Law Enforcement Here, in the 21st century, technology is advancing in the areas of; communication, computer systems, weapons, brain wave sensors, density scanners, amplified realism, biometrics, vision enhancers, and many more. Developments in technology will supply police departments with viable equipment that will greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement personnel. Scientists within the Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center (CTAC) are operating with government agencies in the development of new technological devices that are going to be used by law enforcement agencies (Brandenstein, 2002). One such type of gadget is called the mini-buster. The mini-buster is a handheld device that senses the density of solid items so as to locate secret compartments that are concealed in the body of a vehicle. It can locate hidden compartments that could possibly be used to smuggle illegal imports, terrorist devices, and any other prohibited substances (Brandenstein, 2002). Scientists have produced a wireless interoperability system that can connect all federal, state, and local broadcasting frequencies. This system guarantees real-time communication for first-responder emergency personnel. To aid law enforcement officers with searches and evidence display, scientists have created a non-intrusive freight inspection device that discloses the contents of sealed containers. This device can also distinguish contents such as drugs, weapons, biological agents, and explosives. This device saves precious time and promises a certain amount of protection to police officers and investigators (Brandenstein, 2001). The scientists at CTAC have also created a video stabilization apparatus that electronically changes worthless, unstable surveillance video into comprehensible, court ready evidence. CTAC also supplies federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies with night vision and digital wiretapping devices (Brandenstein, 2002). Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems are built-in camera databases that also take pictures of car license plates and then compare them against databases of stolen cars or license plates (Banlingit, 2009). ALPRs were created in the 1980s to fight IRA assaults in England. ALPRs monitor all automobiles entering London. In the U.S. the ALPRs were first utilized along the borders at points of entry. This fixed position technology has become accessible in smaller, more sophisticated editions. At this time there are a number of companies manufacturing mobile APLRs that can be installed onto patrol cars (Balingit, 2009). At the moment a police officer starts his car, the APLR continuously takes 60 pictures per second and processes each license plate. As soon as a plate number is obtained, the numbers and letters are processed with OCR software (Optical Character Recognition) and compared to the information in another database to reveal a match. Although not advisable, the ALPRs works so fast that an ALPR-equipped patrol car traveling at over 100 mph can process the license plate of each and every car it passes in a parking lot, on both sides, and in total darkness. Furthermore the driver of the police car by no means needs to remove his hands from the steering wheel (Balingit, 2009). Mobile ALPRs are presently being used all over the U.S. and Canada. When other databases are linked, these ALPRs will provide police officers with important information on the vehicle itself and the vehicles owner (Belingit, 2009). Â   One of the largest hurdles in dealing with people from a different nation is speech. Language limitations make a complex job of identification and interviewing more complex. Most law enforcement officers have access to some type translation service, typically in the form of telephone translation services. However, this kind of service is not equivalent to employing a native speaker. Language translators will be able to fill the void (NLECTC U.S. 2003). There are actually quite a few varieties: desktop, handheld/portable, and Internet. The desktop systems that are presently on the market do not necessarily offer the finest in free form translation, meaning you can actually talk into them and they will translate what you said into the language you choose. Due to the large amounts of memory required, these types of systems are generally made for use on desktop computers. This technology is not broadly accessible and the cost is astronomical. Inside a few years the cost will decrease and it will likely be logical to think that an officer will be able to interrogate a suspect in their native language through a computer and in real time (NLECTC U.S. 2003). The handheld language translators that are available today offer some speech recognition capabilities. Handheld systems do not permit a person to ask any questions they want, but they do contain the ability to recognize customary questions asked by law enforcement and afterward play back a translation. Created for U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan these translators are reasonably priced and could undoubtedly aid law enforcement officers with speaking to people in various languages. Other languages can be added at any time. Translation devices have the ability to facilitate agency operations and to cut down miscommunication among police officers and the general public (NLECTC U.S. 2003). Researchers in the U. K. are conducting biometrics research in order to assemble a database of violent criminals and sex offenders (McCue, 2003). This database will use facial and voice recognition systems to correlate with the electronic fingerprint and palm print identification system. Video cameras and microphones that are being used in public and concealed surveillance systems will be able to identify thousands of violent criminals that saunter by (McCue, 2001). The Pinellas County, Florida, Sheriffs Office currently utilizes facial identification equipment to identify prisoners booked into the county jail. The facial identification system is capable of taking four facial pictures in under five seconds. The images are entered into the database where they are accessible to law enforcement agencies all over the world (Facial Recognition, 2004). Law enforcement officers face a big challenge when people provide them with false information regarding their identity. Knowing the real identity of someone they are dealing with could mean the difference between life and death. Until recently, there were very few ways that an officer could use to determine who an individual really was. MVD records could be searched if a photo drivers license was presented, if the license is legitimate (Weiss Davis, 2005). Facial recognition technology uses unalterable facial features, such as the distance between the pupil centers of the eye. It then uses an algorithm, which is a finite set of steps for solving a problem, to convert the image to numbers. The computer program compares the digital photograph of a face with the ones in the database and is able to identify a match, with the most probable match first. The police officer then decides which of the computers matches of the person in question. Facial Recognition Devices can also be used to identify a body as long as a good image can be taken (Weiss Davis, 2005). Chapter 5: Future Technology in Law Enforcement The U. S. Department of Defense research workers have developed a very unique uniform called (LEAP), which stands for Law Enforcement Advanced Protection System. This uniform delivers ballistic, chemical, and biological armor for S.W.A.T. officers and Hazmat specialists. The LEAP uniform is made of a supple body armor that is designed to contain radios, extra ammunition, hydration pouches, and other necessary gear. The ergonomic load-bearing belt contains a pistol, magazines, handcuffs, flash bangs, along with other equipment. The LEAP helmet contains a GPS system, radio antenna, flashlight, drop-down visor with heads-up display, and a detachable mandible to cover the face and neck. The LEAP uniform comes with boots, kneepads, elbow pads, and a waste management zipper (U.S. Soldier Systems Center, 2004). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are unmanned auto pilot planes designed to survey a predetermined area. First created during World War I, robotic aircraft were utilized for target practice on antiaircraft gunners. Currently UAVs are run by computerized steering or by an out-of-the-way operator, these devices are considered to be an important factor in near future law enforcement operations (Carafano, 2005). Recently, UAVs deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq have received significant publicity due to their capacity to identify and fire upon enemy targets. UAVs have the power to remain in the air for quite a few days; these devices are considered to be a crucial force multiplier enabling police officers to keep an eye on emergent situations with a birds eye view by means of specialized sensors and video equipment (Carafano, 2005). UAVs have been tested with a range of degrees of success by federal law enforcement agencies such as the Department of Defense and U.S. Border Patrol. The future of UAVs will not be exclusively available to agencies with mega dollar budgets. Restricted border monitoring committees including the American Border Patrol have operated cheaper versions of UAVs for detecting prohibited border traffic since 2004. Purchasing smaller, consumer retail products, these types of exclusive groups have employed UAVs outfitted with night vision that cost under $30,000 each. As more and more law enforcement agencies find merit in this technology, costs are going to be driven down. In the not so far-off future, the currently used television helicopter will likely be replaced by a highflying, ultra-quiet law enforcement-issued UAV (Carafano, 2005). The militarys development of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) could significantly affect law enforcement. Using nanotechnology, the police UAVs would be the size of a small bird and stay aloft quietly for several hours. Using facial and voice recognition software, the devices could scan hundreds of yards in multiple directions, day or night, for known felons or wanted persons. One UAV could do the work of several plain-clothed officers in unmarked vehicles (Olligschlaeger, 2004). The new exoskeleton suit can be worn by an officer and uses nanotechnology and artificial muscles to allow the officer to run with minimal effort, over prolonged periods, at a speed of up to 20 mph. The suit also enables officers to lift up to four times their body weight (Olligschlaeger, 2004). The most interesting human and computer relationship could be the Mind Switch or Environmental Control Unit (ECU). Scientists at the University of Technology in Sydney have developed this extraordinary device. It could be described as a hands free remote control. The device responds to human brain waves that are brought on by thought. When the wearer of the device thinks about turning on the television, the device will remotely turn on the television (Rice, 2004). Augmented reality (AR) is a powerful new technology that is being developed. AR will provide situational awareness by projecting images into a persons real world vision. This device could aide law enforcement officers in several ways: (Cowper Buerger, 2003). Patrol car operator data and regional traffic management information on a heads-up display to make driving safer and more efficient, especially during pursuit and rapid response situations (2003). Identification Friend or Foe technology, worn by every police officer to reduce or eliminate friendly fire casualties by visually, audibly and/or haptically highlighting fellow police officers both on and off duty (2003). Display of officer location, activity and status information projected on a 3-dimensional map of the community (2003). The coordinated use of robots, UAVs and police officers managed through an AR network to enhance surveillance activities (2003). The use of realistic training scenarios to simulate dangerous police environments while blending real world equipment and fellow trainees into the scenario (2003). For some time now, computers have had the ability to process instructions from human verbal communication by means of voice analysis software. The next inherent step is voice interaction, comparable to that of an interactive robot. Robotic assistants are vastly intelligent computers that make use of a combination of emerging technologies: speech identification, vocalization synthesis, and amplified reality. The probabilities are to all intents and purposes endless. incorporating this device into an infinite number of public and restricted databases, employing data mining technology, and communicating with existing law enforcement communications systems (Computer Aided Dispatch, GPS guided locator systems, mobile data computers, etc.), will create an incredibly powerful and efficient information management system. A police officer using one of these devices in the field could accomplish many tasks at the same time by merely conversing with the device and dictating spoken commands (Cow per Buerger, 2003). Some additional technological advancement on the horizon include personal assistants, speech synthesis, wearable computers, data mining, liquid body armor, electronic clothing, artificial intelligence and crime forecasting (Olligschlaeger, 2004). Chapter 6: Agency Consolidation Research For centuries new there have agency consolidations, arguments over the idea, and endless discussions on the subject. The idea of consolidating over 17,000 law enforcement agencies throughout the U. S. into 1,000 regional agencies dates back to the 50s and was immediately rejected. Rural Americans were not pleased with the idea of losing local control. Rural communities also prefer to have very little government influence (Brown, 2009). Most small town police departments are comfortable with how their department is operated, the services they provide, and the local people whom they employ. They believe that a regional agency would bring uncertainty to their employment status and the nature of their jobs. The development of a regional agency would provide more services and better protection but this argument was also rejected due to the fact that small towns residents feel they do not need any more services or better protection. Nearly all small town communities feel their police departments are providing adequate service to the local people (Brown, 2009). Edward J. Tully (2002) believes there to be, seven main reasons why agency consolidation should at least be considered, they are listed as follows: Current regionalization efforts among jails have been successful. Las Vegas and Jacksonville have successfully merged police and sheriff offices into one metropolitan police force. Country wide based police forces have been successfully established in fast growing suburban counties (2002). Police related technology is extremely costly and the capabilities outweigh the need in most police departments. Computer technology is easily shared but the desire to share information is rare (2002). The U.S. is rapidly changing in terms of demographics, culture, and economy. Rural areas are losing population. The number of people approaching retirement age is increasing. The U.S. is more ethnically diverse than ever before. The majority of work has moved from blue collar to white collar. Crime rates have drastically increased in recent years. Our law enforcement officers have to be more sophisticated, more diverse, and more technologically proficient in order to deal effectively with todays criminals (2002). In this age of ceaseless litigation, the actions of one misguided police officer can result in liability to the entire agency. One judgment awarded against a rural police officer could bankrupt that department. A regional police agency would not directly deter misconduct but would spread the liability costs easing the financial strain (2002). Consolidation of police agencies would employ over 1500 officers and if properly trained and managed, could lead to a far more professional police force largely due to increased salaries and benefits, increased training, specialized services, and opportunities for promotion. The recruitment of highly qualified people would be considerably enhanced (2002). Police officers would have better resources to provide protection to citizens against criminal behavior, a higher quality of investigation, faster response times, and adequate man power for emergencies (2002). The nature of crime is changing. Cybercrimes, both national and international, such as terrorism, narcotics trafficking. These types of crime are beyond the available resource for small departments to investigate. Criminals realize this and use it to their advantage. Because of these reasons, it is necessary to involve the government in such criminal activity which reduces the sovereign power of state and local governments (2002). According to Edward J. Tully (2002), There is no evidence that the lack of regional police forces is causing any hardship on rural/suburban Americans. Evidence does show that this nations thousands of local police forces are getting the job done. The concept of bigger is better has proved true in our countries industries, commerce, schools, medical fields. Organizational growth allows for innovation, specialization, and increased productivity (Tully, 2002). According to OConnor (2009), The 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution reserves police powers to the states, and both federalism and tradition have resulted in a fragmented police structure at lower levels. Government, state, county, and local law enforcement agencies are constantly involved in consolidating or establishing new police departments. Massachusetts has abolished a number of county police agencies and assigned their police duties to state agencies. In Michigan, a state police agency is usually assigned to patrol just one city or county. Consolidation takes place when two or more police departments are combined into one, and commonly takes place in areas where two cities have grown closer together or one city has grown so large that it takes covers the majority of the county (OConnor, 2009). Chapter 7: Terrorism and Law Enforcement The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created by merging 22 separate agencies in one department whose primary mission is protecting the homeland. In order to be effective at fighting this countries war on terrorism, the DHS, along with local, state, regional, and national law enforcement agencies will all need to work together. What will be the role for police officers to play in the 21st Century; peace keepers, antiterrorism specialists, community outreach agents? One criminal-justice futurist, Gene Stephens, states, Better educated police officers with improved people skills and a stronger grasp on emerging technologies will be crucial to successful policing in the future. (2005) Even the most optimistic futuristic thinkers in the field are finding it difficult how police are going to be able to handle the increasing rate of terrorism and cybercrime and still be able to fight, the also increasing, crime on our countries streets. Futurists in the DHS feel that success can achieved with better education, training, and mentoring. These three things will give street cops the means to fit into the new law enforcement structure that is designed to fight and prevent terrorism (Stephens, 2005). The main challenge with this is that more than 90% of the police officers in the U.S. only have a high school diploma or GED. Police training in the U.S. takes three to four months to complete plus a little time performing on-the-job training. This short course in police training encompasses basic self defense, firing range, and field tactics. Very little time is spent on the skills needed to prevent crime and on improving community services. The members of the PFI agree that police officers in the U.S. need more education and focused training in order to be able to handle high-tech international crimes (Stephens, 2005). Attacks on our homeland are performed by criminals both inside and outside of this country. Terrorist tactics are being utilized by criminals that are U.S. citizens. These criminals are usually recruited gangs or major drug operation groups. These groups are recruited by terrorist groups to divert the police, usually through vigilant acts (Stephens, 2005). U.S. policing is being federalized in terms of policies, funding, direction, and control. The U.S. government, mainly the Office of Homeland Security, is forming alliances with police departments and private-sector corporations. The DHS is looking into adopting policing methods and standards of other countries that have been dealing with terrorism for many years, such as England, Ireland, France, and Israel. These countries also demand higher entrance and training standards for their police (Stephens, 2005). Law enforcement agencies incessantly have issues with the information privacy laws. Despite the fact that private individuals and criminals have been able to obtain and misuse the private and perso